use binascii;
use serde;
use serde_json;
use std;

use server::Events;

#[derive(Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum TrackerMode {
    /// In static mode torrents are tracked only if they were added ahead of time.
    #[serde(rename = "static")]
    StaticMode,

    /// In dynamic mode, torrents are tracked being added ahead of time.
    #[serde(rename = "dynamic")]
    DynamicMode,

    /// Tracker will only serve authenticated peers.
    #[serde(rename = "private")]
    PrivateMode,
}

struct TorrentPeer {
    ip: std::net::SocketAddr,
    uploaded: u64,
    downloaded: u64,
    left: u64,
    event: Events,
    updated: std::time::SystemTime,
}

#[derive(Ord, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
pub struct InfoHash {
    info_hash: [u8; 20],
}

impl std::cmp::PartialOrd<InfoHash> for InfoHash {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &InfoHash) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
        self.info_hash.partial_cmp(&other.info_hash)
    }
}

impl std::convert::Into<InfoHash> for [u8; 20] {
    fn into(self) -> InfoHash {
        InfoHash { info_hash: self }
    }
}

impl serde::ser::Serialize for InfoHash {
    fn serialize<S: serde::ser::Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
        let mut buffer = [0u8; 40];
        let bytes_out = binascii::bin2hex(&self.info_hash, &mut buffer)
            .ok()
            .unwrap();
        let str_out = std::str::from_utf8(bytes_out).unwrap();

        serializer.serialize_str(str_out)
    }
}

struct InfoHashVisitor;

impl<'v> serde::de::Visitor<'v> for InfoHashVisitor {
    type Value = InfoHash;

    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(formatter, "a 40 character long hash")
    }

    fn visit_str<E: serde::de::Error>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
        if v.len() != 40 {
            return Err(serde::de::Error::invalid_value(
                serde::de::Unexpected::Str(v),
                &"expected a 40 character long string",
            ));
        }

        let mut res = InfoHash {
            info_hash: [0u8; 20],
        };

        if let Err(_) = binascii::hex2bin(v.as_bytes(), &mut res.info_hash) {
            return Err(serde::de::Error::invalid_value(
                serde::de::Unexpected::Str(v),
                &"expected a hexadecimal string",
            ));
        } else {
            return Ok(res);
        }
    }
}

impl<'de> serde::de::Deserialize<'de> for InfoHash {
    fn deserialize<D: serde::de::Deserializer<'de>>(des: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
        des.deserialize_str(InfoHashVisitor)
    }
}

pub type PeerId = [u8; 20];

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TorrentEntry {
    is_flagged: bool,

    #[serde(skip)]
    peers: std::collections::BTreeMap<PeerId, TorrentPeer>,

    completed: u32,

    #[serde(skip)]
    seeders: u32,
}

impl TorrentEntry {
    pub fn new() -> TorrentEntry {
        TorrentEntry {
            is_flagged: false,
            peers: std::collections::BTreeMap::new(),
            completed: 0,
            seeders: 0,
        }
    }

    pub fn is_flagged(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_flagged
    }

    pub fn update_peer(
        &mut self,
        peer_id: &PeerId,
        remote_address: &std::net::SocketAddr,
        uploaded: u64,
        downloaded: u64,
        left: u64,
        event: Events,
    ) {
        let is_seeder = left == 0 && uploaded > 0;
        let mut was_seeder = false;
        let mut is_completed = left == 0 && (event as u32) == (Events::Complete as u32);
        if let Some(prev) = self.peers.insert(
            *peer_id,
            TorrentPeer {
                updated: std::time::SystemTime::now(),
                left,
                downloaded,
                uploaded,
                ip: *remote_address,
                event,
            },
        ) {
            was_seeder = prev.left == 0 && prev.uploaded > 0;

            if is_completed && (prev.event as u32) == (Events::Complete as u32) {
                // don't update count again. a torrent should only be updated once per peer.
                is_completed = false;
            }
        }

        if is_seeder && !was_seeder {
            self.seeders += 1;
        } else if was_seeder && !is_seeder {
            self.seeders -= 1;
        }

        if is_completed {
            self.completed += 1;
        }
    }

    pub fn get_peers(&self, remote_addr: &std::net::SocketAddr) -> Vec<std::net::SocketAddr> {
        let mut list = Vec::new();
        for (_, peer) in self
            .peers
            .iter()
            .filter(|e| e.1.ip.is_ipv4() == remote_addr.is_ipv4())
            .take(74)
        {
            if peer.ip == *remote_addr {
                continue;
            }

            list.push(peer.ip);
        }
        list
    }

    pub fn get_stats(&self) -> (u32, u32, u32) {
        let leechers = (self.peers.len() as u32) - self.seeders;
        (self.seeders, self.completed, leechers)
    }
}

struct TorrentDatabase {
    torrent_peers: std::sync::RwLock<std::collections::BTreeMap<InfoHash, TorrentEntry>>,
}

impl Default for TorrentDatabase {
    fn default() -> Self {
        TorrentDatabase {
            torrent_peers: std::sync::RwLock::new(std::collections::BTreeMap::new()),
        }
    }
}

pub struct TorrentTracker {
    mode: TrackerMode,
    database: TorrentDatabase,
}

pub enum TorrentStats {
    TorrentFlagged,
    TorrentNotRegistered,
    Stats {
        seeders: u32,
        leechers: u32,
        complete: u32,
    },
}

impl TorrentTracker {
    pub fn new(mode: TrackerMode) -> TorrentTracker {
        TorrentTracker {
            mode,
            database: TorrentDatabase {
                torrent_peers: std::sync::RwLock::new(std::collections::BTreeMap::new()),
            },
        }
    }

    pub fn load_database<R: std::io::Read>(
        mode: TrackerMode,
        reader: &mut R,
    ) -> serde_json::Result<TorrentTracker> {
        use bzip2;
        let decomp_reader = bzip2::read::BzDecoder::new(reader);
        let result: serde_json::Result<std::collections::BTreeMap<InfoHash, TorrentEntry>> =
            serde_json::from_reader(decomp_reader);
        match result {
            Ok(v) => Ok(TorrentTracker {
                mode,
                database: TorrentDatabase {
                    torrent_peers: std::sync::RwLock::new(v),
                },
            }),
            Err(e) => Err(e),
        }
    }

    /// Adding torrents is not relevant to dynamic trackers.
    pub fn add_torrent(&self, info_hash: &InfoHash) -> Result<(), ()> {
        let mut write_lock = self.database.torrent_peers.write().unwrap();
        match write_lock.entry(info_hash.clone()) {
            std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Vacant(ve) => {
                ve.insert(TorrentEntry::new());
                return Ok(());
            }
            std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Occupied(_entry) => {
                return Err(());
            }
        }
    }

    /// If the torrent is flagged, it will not be removed unless force is set to true.
    pub fn remove_torrent(&self, info_hash: &InfoHash, force: bool) -> Result<(), ()> {
        use std::collections::btree_map::Entry;
        let mut entry_lock = self.database.torrent_peers.write().unwrap();
        let torrent_entry = entry_lock.entry(info_hash.clone());
        match torrent_entry {
            Entry::Vacant(_) => {
                // no entry, nothing to do...
                return Err(());
            }
            Entry::Occupied(entry) => {
                if force || !entry.get().is_flagged() {
                    entry.remove();
                    return Ok(());
                }
                return Err(());
            }
        }
    }

    /// flagged torrents will result in a tracking error. This is to allow enforcement against piracy.
    pub fn set_torrent_flag(&self, info_hash: &InfoHash, is_flagged: bool) {
        if let Some(entry) = self
            .database
            .torrent_peers
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .get_mut(info_hash)
        {
            if is_flagged && !entry.is_flagged {
                // empty peer list.
                entry.peers.clear();
            }
            entry.is_flagged = is_flagged;
        }
    }

    pub fn get_torrent_peers(
        &self,
        info_hash: &InfoHash,
        remote_addr: &std::net::SocketAddr,
    ) -> Option<Vec<std::net::SocketAddr>> {
        let read_lock = self.database.torrent_peers.read().unwrap();
        match read_lock.get(info_hash) {
            None => {
                return None;
            }
            Some(entry) => {
                return Some(entry.get_peers(remote_addr));
            }
        };
    }

    pub fn update_torrent_and_get_stats(
        &self,
        info_hash: &InfoHash,
        peer_id: &PeerId,
        remote_address: &std::net::SocketAddr,
        uploaded: u64,
        downloaded: u64,
        left: u64,
        event: Events,
    ) -> TorrentStats {
        use std::collections::btree_map::Entry;
        let mut torrent_peers = self.database.torrent_peers.write().unwrap();
        let torrent_entry = match torrent_peers.entry(info_hash.clone()) {
            Entry::Vacant(vacant) => match self.mode {
                TrackerMode::DynamicMode => vacant.insert(TorrentEntry::new()),
                _ => {
                    return TorrentStats::TorrentNotRegistered;
                }
            },
            Entry::Occupied(entry) => {
                if entry.get().is_flagged() {
                    return TorrentStats::TorrentFlagged;
                }
                entry.into_mut()
            }
        };

        torrent_entry.update_peer(peer_id, remote_address, uploaded, downloaded, left, event);

        let (seeders, complete, leechers) = torrent_entry.get_stats();

        return TorrentStats::Stats {
            seeders,
            leechers,
            complete,
        };
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_database(
        &self,
    ) -> std::sync::RwLockReadGuard<std::collections::BTreeMap<InfoHash, TorrentEntry>> {
        self.database.torrent_peers.read().unwrap()
    }

    pub fn save_database<W: std::io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> serde_json::Result<()> {
        use bzip2;

        let compressor = bzip2::write::BzEncoder::new(writer, bzip2::Compression::Best);

        let db_lock = self.database.torrent_peers.read().unwrap();

        let db = &*db_lock;

        serde_json::to_writer(compressor, &db)
    }

    fn cleanup(&self) {
        use std::ops::Add;

        let now = std::time::SystemTime::now();
        match self.database.torrent_peers.write() {
            Err(err) => {
                error!("failed to obtain write lock on database. err: {}", err);
                return;
            }
            Ok(mut db) => {
                let mut torrents_to_remove = Vec::new();

                for (k, v) in db.iter_mut() {
                    // timed-out peers..
                    {
                        let mut peers_to_remove = Vec::new();
                        let torrent_peers = &mut v.peers;

                        for (peer_id, state) in torrent_peers.iter() {
                            if state.updated.add(std::time::Duration::new(3600 * 2, 0)) < now {
                                // over 2 hours past since last update...
                                peers_to_remove.push(*peer_id);
                            }
                        }

                        for peer_id in peers_to_remove.iter() {
                            torrent_peers.remove(peer_id);
                        }
                    }

                    if self.mode == TrackerMode::DynamicMode {
                        // peer-less torrents..
                        if v.peers.len() == 0 {
                            torrents_to_remove.push(k.clone());
                        }
                    }
                }

                for info_hash in torrents_to_remove {
                    db.remove(&info_hash);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn periodic_task(&self, db_path: &str) {
        // cleanup db
        self.cleanup();

        // save db.
        match std::fs::File::create(db_path) {
            Err(err) => {
                error!("failed to open file '{}': {}", db_path, err);
                return;
            }
            Ok(mut file) => {
                self.save_database(&mut file);
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn is_sync<T: Sync>() {}
    fn is_send<T: Send>() {}

    #[test]
    fn tracker_send() {
        is_send::<TorrentTracker>();
    }

    #[test]
    fn tracker_sync() {
        is_sync::<TorrentTracker>();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_save_db() {
        let tracker = TorrentTracker::new(TrackerMode::DynamicMode);
        tracker.add_torrent(&[0u8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0].into());

        let mut out = Vec::new();

        tracker.save_database(&mut out).unwrap();
        assert!(out.len() > 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_infohash_de() {
        use serde_json;

        let ih: InfoHash = [0u8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1].into();

        let serialized_ih = serde_json::to_string(&ih).unwrap();

        let de_ih: InfoHash = serde_json::from_str(serialized_ih.as_str()).unwrap();

        assert!(de_ih == ih);
    }
}