soju/upstream.go

package soju

import (
	"context"
	"crypto"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/base64"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/emersion/go-sasl"
	"gopkg.in/irc.v3"
)

// permanentUpstreamCaps is the static list of upstream capabilities always
// requested when supported.
var permanentUpstreamCaps = map[string]bool{
	"account-notify":   true,
	"account-tag":      true,
	"away-notify":      true,
	"batch":            true,
	"extended-join":    true,
	"invite-notify":    true,
	"labeled-response": true,
	"message-tags":     true,
	"multi-prefix":     true,
	"sasl":             true,
	"server-time":      true,
	"setname":          true,

	"draft/extended-monitor": true,
}

type registrationError string

func (err registrationError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("registration error: %v", string(err))
}

type upstreamChannel struct {
	Name         string
	conn         *upstreamConn
	Topic        string
	TopicWho     *irc.Prefix
	TopicTime    time.Time
	Status       channelStatus
	modes        channelModes
	creationTime string
	Members      membershipsCasemapMap
	complete     bool
	detachTimer  *time.Timer
}

func (uc *upstreamChannel) updateAutoDetach(dur time.Duration) {
	if uc.detachTimer != nil {
		uc.detachTimer.Stop()
		uc.detachTimer = nil
	}

	if dur == 0 {
		return
	}

	uc.detachTimer = time.AfterFunc(dur, func() {
		uc.conn.network.user.events <- eventChannelDetach{
			uc:   uc.conn,
			name: uc.Name,
		}
	})
}

type pendingUpstreamCommand struct {
	downstreamID uint64
	msg          *irc.Message
}

type upstreamConn struct {
	conn

	network *network
	user    *user

	serverName            string
	availableUserModes    string
	availableChannelModes map[byte]channelModeType
	availableChannelTypes string
	availableMemberships  []membership
	isupport              map[string]*string

	registered    bool
	nick          string
	nickCM        string
	username      string
	realname      string
	modes         userModes
	channels      upstreamChannelCasemapMap
	supportedCaps map[string]string
	caps          map[string]bool
	batches       map[string]batch
	away          bool
	account       string
	nextLabelID   uint64
	monitored     monitorCasemapMap

	saslClient  sasl.Client
	saslStarted bool

	casemapIsSet bool

	// Queue of commands in progress, indexed by type. The first entry has been
	// sent to the server and is awaiting reply. The following entries have not
	// been sent yet.
	pendingCmds map[string][]pendingUpstreamCommand

	gotMotd bool
}

func connectToUpstream(network *network) (*upstreamConn, error) {
	logger := &prefixLogger{network.user.logger, fmt.Sprintf("upstream %q: ", network.GetName())}

	dialer := net.Dialer{Timeout: connectTimeout}

	u, err := network.URL()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var netConn net.Conn
	switch u.Scheme {
	case "ircs":
		addr := u.Host
		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host)
		if err != nil {
			host = u.Host
			addr = u.Host + ":6697"
		}

		dialer.LocalAddr, err = network.user.localTCPAddrForHost(host)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to pick local IP for remote host %q: %v", host, err)
		}

		logger.Printf("connecting to TLS server at address %q", addr)

		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{ServerName: host, NextProtos: []string{"irc"}}
		if network.SASL.Mechanism == "EXTERNAL" {
			if network.SASL.External.CertBlob == nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing certificate for authentication")
			}
			if network.SASL.External.PrivKeyBlob == nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing private key for authentication")
			}
			key, err := x509.ParsePKCS8PrivateKey(network.SASL.External.PrivKeyBlob)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private key: %v", err)
			}
			tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{
				{
					Certificate: [][]byte{network.SASL.External.CertBlob},
					PrivateKey:  key.(crypto.PrivateKey),
				},
			}
			logger.Printf("using TLS client certificate %x", sha256.Sum256(network.SASL.External.CertBlob))
		}

		netConn, err = dialer.Dial("tcp", addr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to dial %q: %v", addr, err)
		}

		// Don't do the TLS handshake immediately, because we need to register
		// the new connection with identd ASAP. See:
		// https://todo.sr.ht/~emersion/soju/69#event-41859
		netConn = tls.Client(netConn, tlsConfig)
	case "irc+insecure":
		addr := u.Host
		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
		if err != nil {
			host = u.Host
			addr = u.Host + ":6667"
		}

		dialer.LocalAddr, err = network.user.localTCPAddrForHost(host)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to pick local IP for remote host %q: %v", host, err)
		}

		logger.Printf("connecting to plain-text server at address %q", addr)
		netConn, err = dialer.Dial("tcp", addr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to dial %q: %v", addr, err)
		}
	case "irc+unix", "unix":
		logger.Printf("connecting to Unix socket at path %q", u.Path)
		netConn, err = dialer.Dial("unix", u.Path)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to Unix socket %q: %v", u.Path, err)
		}
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to dial %q: unknown scheme: %v", network.Addr, u.Scheme)
	}

	options := connOptions{
		Logger:         logger,
		RateLimitDelay: upstreamMessageDelay,
		RateLimitBurst: upstreamMessageBurst,
	}

	uc := &upstreamConn{
		conn:                  *newConn(network.user.srv, newNetIRCConn(netConn), &options),
		network:               network,
		user:                  network.user,
		channels:              upstreamChannelCasemapMap{newCasemapMap(0)},
		supportedCaps:         make(map[string]string),
		caps:                  make(map[string]bool),
		batches:               make(map[string]batch),
		availableChannelTypes: stdChannelTypes,
		availableChannelModes: stdChannelModes,
		availableMemberships:  stdMemberships,
		isupport:              make(map[string]*string),
		pendingCmds:           make(map[string][]pendingUpstreamCommand),
		monitored:             monitorCasemapMap{newCasemapMap(0)},
	}
	return uc, nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) forEachDownstream(f func(*downstreamConn)) {
	uc.network.forEachDownstream(f)
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) forEachDownstreamByID(id uint64, f func(*downstreamConn)) {
	uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
		if id != 0 && id != dc.id {
			return
		}
		f(dc)
	})
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) downstreamByID(id uint64) *downstreamConn {
	for _, dc := range uc.user.downstreamConns {
		if dc.id == id {
			return dc
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) getChannel(name string) (*upstreamChannel, error) {
	ch := uc.channels.Value(name)
	if ch == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown channel %q", name)
	}
	return ch, nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) isChannel(entity string) bool {
	return strings.ContainsRune(uc.availableChannelTypes, rune(entity[0]))
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) isOurNick(nick string) bool {
	return uc.nickCM == uc.network.casemap(nick)
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) endPendingCommands() {
	for _, l := range uc.pendingCmds {
		for _, pendingCmd := range l {
			dc := uc.downstreamByID(pendingCmd.downstreamID)
			if dc == nil {
				continue
			}

			switch pendingCmd.msg.Command {
			case "LIST":
				dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: irc.RPL_LISTEND,
					Params:  []string{dc.nick, "End of /LIST"},
				})
			case "WHO":
				mask := "*"
				if len(pendingCmd.msg.Params) > 0 {
					mask = pendingCmd.msg.Params[0]
				}
				dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: irc.RPL_ENDOFWHO,
					Params:  []string{dc.nick, mask, "End of /WHO"},
				})
			case "AUTHENTICATE":
				dc.endSASL(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: irc.ERR_SASLABORTED,
					Params:  []string{dc.nick, "SASL authentication aborted"},
				})
			default:
				panic(fmt.Errorf("Unsupported pending command %q", pendingCmd.msg.Command))
			}
		}
	}

	uc.pendingCmds = make(map[string][]pendingUpstreamCommand)
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) sendNextPendingCommand(cmd string) {
	if len(uc.pendingCmds[cmd]) == 0 {
		return
	}
	uc.SendMessage(uc.pendingCmds[cmd][0].msg)
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) enqueueCommand(dc *downstreamConn, msg *irc.Message) {
	switch msg.Command {
	case "LIST", "WHO", "AUTHENTICATE":
		// Supported
	default:
		panic(fmt.Errorf("Unsupported pending command %q", msg.Command))
	}

	uc.pendingCmds[msg.Command] = append(uc.pendingCmds[msg.Command], pendingUpstreamCommand{
		downstreamID: dc.id,
		msg:          msg,
	})

	if len(uc.pendingCmds[msg.Command]) == 1 {
		uc.sendNextPendingCommand(msg.Command)
	}
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) currentPendingCommand(cmd string) (*downstreamConn, *irc.Message) {
	if len(uc.pendingCmds[cmd]) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	pendingCmd := uc.pendingCmds[cmd][0]
	return uc.downstreamByID(pendingCmd.downstreamID), pendingCmd.msg
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) dequeueCommand(cmd string) (*downstreamConn, *irc.Message) {
	dc, msg := uc.currentPendingCommand(cmd)

	if len(uc.pendingCmds[cmd]) > 0 {
		copy(uc.pendingCmds[cmd], uc.pendingCmds[cmd][1:])
		uc.pendingCmds[cmd] = uc.pendingCmds[cmd][:len(uc.pendingCmds[cmd])-1]
	}

	uc.sendNextPendingCommand(cmd)

	return dc, msg
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) parseMembershipPrefix(s string) (ms *memberships, nick string) {
	memberships := make(memberships, 0, 4)
	i := 0
	for _, m := range uc.availableMemberships {
		if i >= len(s) {
			break
		}
		if s[i] == m.Prefix {
			memberships = append(memberships, m)
			i++
		}
	}
	return &memberships, s[i:]
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) handleMessage(msg *irc.Message) error {
	var label string
	if l, ok := msg.GetTag("label"); ok {
		label = l
		delete(msg.Tags, "label")
	}

	var msgBatch *batch
	if batchName, ok := msg.GetTag("batch"); ok {
		b, ok := uc.batches[batchName]
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected batch reference: batch was not defined: %q", batchName)
		}
		msgBatch = &b
		if label == "" {
			label = msgBatch.Label
		}
		delete(msg.Tags, "batch")
	}

	var downstreamID uint64 = 0
	if label != "" {
		var labelOffset uint64
		n, err := fmt.Sscanf(label, "sd-%d-%d", &downstreamID, &labelOffset)
		if err == nil && n < 2 {
			err = errors.New("not enough arguments")
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected message label: invalid downstream reference for label %q: %v", label, err)
		}
	}

	if _, ok := msg.Tags["time"]; !ok {
		msg.Tags["time"] = irc.TagValue(time.Now().UTC().Format(serverTimeLayout))
	}

	switch msg.Command {
	case "PING":
		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "PONG",
			Params:  msg.Params,
		})
		return nil
	case "NOTICE", "PRIVMSG", "TAGMSG":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var entity, text string
		if msg.Command != "TAGMSG" {
			if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &entity, &text); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		} else {
			if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &entity); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		if msg.Prefix.Name == serviceNick {
			uc.logger.Printf("skipping %v from soju's service: %v", msg.Command, msg)
			break
		}
		if entity == serviceNick {
			uc.logger.Printf("skipping %v to soju's service: %v", msg.Command, msg)
			break
		}

		if msg.Prefix.User == "" && msg.Prefix.Host == "" { // server message
			uc.produce("", msg, nil)
		} else { // regular user message
			target := entity
			if uc.isOurNick(target) {
				target = msg.Prefix.Name
			}

			ch := uc.network.channels.Value(target)
			if ch != nil && msg.Command != "TAGMSG" {
				if ch.Detached {
					uc.handleDetachedMessage(ch, msg)
				}

				highlight := uc.network.isHighlight(msg)
				if ch.DetachOn == FilterMessage || ch.DetachOn == FilterDefault || (ch.DetachOn == FilterHighlight && highlight) {
					uc.updateChannelAutoDetach(target)
				}
			}

			uc.produce(target, msg, nil)
		}
	case "CAP":
		var subCmd string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &subCmd); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		subCmd = strings.ToUpper(subCmd)
		subParams := msg.Params[2:]
		switch subCmd {
		case "LS":
			if len(subParams) < 1 {
				return newNeedMoreParamsError(msg.Command)
			}
			caps := subParams[len(subParams)-1]
			more := len(subParams) >= 2 && msg.Params[len(subParams)-2] == "*"

			uc.handleSupportedCaps(caps)

			if more {
				break // wait to receive all capabilities
			}

			uc.requestCaps()

			if uc.requestSASL() {
				break // we'll send CAP END after authentication is completed
			}

			uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Command: "CAP",
				Params:  []string{"END"},
			})
		case "ACK", "NAK":
			if len(subParams) < 1 {
				return newNeedMoreParamsError(msg.Command)
			}
			caps := strings.Fields(subParams[0])

			for _, name := range caps {
				if err := uc.handleCapAck(strings.ToLower(name), subCmd == "ACK"); err != nil {
					return err
				}
			}

			if uc.registered {
				uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
					dc.updateSupportedCaps()
				})
			}
		case "NEW":
			if len(subParams) < 1 {
				return newNeedMoreParamsError(msg.Command)
			}
			uc.handleSupportedCaps(subParams[0])
			uc.requestCaps()
		case "DEL":
			if len(subParams) < 1 {
				return newNeedMoreParamsError(msg.Command)
			}
			caps := strings.Fields(subParams[0])

			for _, c := range caps {
				delete(uc.supportedCaps, c)
				delete(uc.caps, c)
			}

			if uc.registered {
				uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
					dc.updateSupportedCaps()
				})
			}
		default:
			uc.logger.Printf("unhandled message: %v", msg)
		}
	case "AUTHENTICATE":
		if uc.saslClient == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("received unexpected AUTHENTICATE message")
		}

		// TODO: if a challenge is 400 bytes long, buffer it
		var challengeStr string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &challengeStr); err != nil {
			uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Command: "AUTHENTICATE",
				Params:  []string{"*"},
			})
			return err
		}

		var challenge []byte
		if challengeStr != "+" {
			var err error
			challenge, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(challengeStr)
			if err != nil {
				uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Command: "AUTHENTICATE",
					Params:  []string{"*"},
				})
				return err
			}
		}

		var resp []byte
		var err error
		if !uc.saslStarted {
			_, resp, err = uc.saslClient.Start()
			uc.saslStarted = true
		} else {
			resp, err = uc.saslClient.Next(challenge)
		}
		if err != nil {
			uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Command: "AUTHENTICATE",
				Params:  []string{"*"},
			})
			return err
		}

		// TODO: send response in multiple chunks if >= 400 bytes
		var respStr = "+"
		if len(resp) != 0 {
			respStr = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(resp)
		}

		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "AUTHENTICATE",
			Params:  []string{respStr},
		})
	case irc.RPL_LOGGEDIN:
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, nil, &uc.account); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		uc.logger.Printf("logged in with account %q", uc.account)
		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.updateAccount()
		})
	case irc.RPL_LOGGEDOUT:
		uc.account = ""
		uc.logger.Printf("logged out")
		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.updateAccount()
		})
	case irc.ERR_NICKLOCKED, irc.RPL_SASLSUCCESS, irc.ERR_SASLFAIL, irc.ERR_SASLTOOLONG, irc.ERR_SASLABORTED:
		var info string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &info); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		switch msg.Command {
		case irc.ERR_NICKLOCKED:
			uc.logger.Printf("invalid nick used with SASL authentication: %v", info)
		case irc.ERR_SASLFAIL:
			uc.logger.Printf("SASL authentication failed: %v", info)
		case irc.ERR_SASLTOOLONG:
			uc.logger.Printf("SASL message too long: %v", info)
		}

		uc.saslClient = nil
		uc.saslStarted = false

		if dc, _ := uc.dequeueCommand("AUTHENTICATE"); dc != nil && dc.sasl != nil {
			if msg.Command == irc.RPL_SASLSUCCESS {
				uc.network.autoSaveSASLPlain(context.TODO(), dc.sasl.plainUsername, dc.sasl.plainPassword)
			}

			dc.endSASL(msg)
		}

		if !uc.registered {
			uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Command: "CAP",
				Params:  []string{"END"},
			})
		}
	case irc.RPL_WELCOME:
		uc.registered = true
		uc.logger.Printf("connection registered")

		if uc.network.channels.Len() > 0 {
			var channels, keys []string
			for _, entry := range uc.network.channels.innerMap {
				ch := entry.value.(*Channel)
				channels = append(channels, ch.Name)
				keys = append(keys, ch.Key)
			}

			for _, msg := range join(channels, keys) {
				uc.SendMessage(msg)
			}
		}
	case irc.RPL_MYINFO:
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &uc.serverName, nil, &uc.availableUserModes, nil); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	case irc.RPL_ISUPPORT:
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, nil); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		var downstreamIsupport []string
		for _, token := range msg.Params[1 : len(msg.Params)-1] {
			parameter := token
			var negate, hasValue bool
			var value string
			if strings.HasPrefix(token, "-") {
				negate = true
				token = token[1:]
			} else if i := strings.IndexByte(token, '='); i >= 0 {
				parameter = token[:i]
				value = token[i+1:]
				hasValue = true
			}

			if hasValue {
				uc.isupport[parameter] = &value
			} else if !negate {
				uc.isupport[parameter] = nil
			} else {
				delete(uc.isupport, parameter)
			}

			var err error
			switch parameter {
			case "CASEMAPPING":
				casemap, ok := parseCasemappingToken(value)
				if !ok {
					casemap = casemapRFC1459
				}
				uc.network.updateCasemapping(casemap)
				uc.nickCM = uc.network.casemap(uc.nick)
				uc.casemapIsSet = true
			case "CHANMODES":
				if !negate {
					err = uc.handleChanModes(value)
				} else {
					uc.availableChannelModes = stdChannelModes
				}
			case "CHANTYPES":
				if !negate {
					uc.availableChannelTypes = value
				} else {
					uc.availableChannelTypes = stdChannelTypes
				}
			case "PREFIX":
				if !negate {
					err = uc.handleMemberships(value)
				} else {
					uc.availableMemberships = stdMemberships
				}
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			if passthroughIsupport[parameter] {
				downstreamIsupport = append(downstreamIsupport, token)
			}
		}

		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			if dc.network == nil {
				return
			}
			msgs := generateIsupport(dc.srv.prefix(), dc.nick, downstreamIsupport)
			for _, msg := range msgs {
				dc.SendMessage(msg)
			}
		})
	case irc.ERR_NOMOTD, irc.RPL_ENDOFMOTD:
		if !uc.casemapIsSet {
			// upstream did not send any CASEMAPPING token, thus
			// we assume it implements the old RFCs with rfc1459.
			uc.casemapIsSet = true
			uc.network.updateCasemapping(casemapRFC1459)
			uc.nickCM = uc.network.casemap(uc.nick)
		}

		if !uc.gotMotd {
			// Ignore the initial MOTD upon connection, but forward
			// subsequent MOTD messages downstream
			uc.gotMotd = true
			return nil
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  uc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  msg.Params,
			})
		})
	case "BATCH":
		var tag string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &tag); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if strings.HasPrefix(tag, "+") {
			tag = tag[1:]
			if _, ok := uc.batches[tag]; ok {
				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected BATCH reference tag: batch was already defined: %q", tag)
			}
			var batchType string
			if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &batchType); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			label := label
			if label == "" && msgBatch != nil {
				label = msgBatch.Label
			}
			uc.batches[tag] = batch{
				Type:   batchType,
				Params: msg.Params[2:],
				Outer:  msgBatch,
				Label:  label,
			}
		} else if strings.HasPrefix(tag, "-") {
			tag = tag[1:]
			if _, ok := uc.batches[tag]; !ok {
				return fmt.Errorf("unknown BATCH reference tag: %q", tag)
			}
			delete(uc.batches, tag)
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected BATCH reference tag: missing +/- prefix: %q", tag)
		}
	case "NICK":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var newNick string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &newNick); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		me := false
		if uc.isOurNick(msg.Prefix.Name) {
			uc.logger.Printf("changed nick from %q to %q", uc.nick, newNick)
			me = true
			uc.nick = newNick
			uc.nickCM = uc.network.casemap(uc.nick)
		}

		for _, entry := range uc.channels.innerMap {
			ch := entry.value.(*upstreamChannel)
			memberships := ch.Members.Value(msg.Prefix.Name)
			if memberships != nil {
				ch.Members.Delete(msg.Prefix.Name)
				ch.Members.SetValue(newNick, memberships)
				uc.appendLog(ch.Name, msg)
			}
		}

		if !me {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				dc.SendMessage(dc.marshalMessage(msg, uc.network))
			})
		} else {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				dc.updateNick()
			})
		}
	case "SETNAME":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var newRealname string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &newRealname); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// TODO: consider appending this message to logs

		if uc.isOurNick(msg.Prefix.Name) {
			uc.logger.Printf("changed realname from %q to %q", uc.realname, newRealname)
			uc.realname = newRealname

			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				dc.updateRealname()
			})
		} else {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				dc.SendMessage(dc.marshalMessage(msg, uc.network))
			})
		}
	case "JOIN":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var channels string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &channels); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		for _, ch := range strings.Split(channels, ",") {
			if uc.isOurNick(msg.Prefix.Name) {
				uc.logger.Printf("joined channel %q", ch)
				members := membershipsCasemapMap{newCasemapMap(0)}
				members.casemap = uc.network.casemap
				uc.channels.SetValue(ch, &upstreamChannel{
					Name:    ch,
					conn:    uc,
					Members: members,
				})
				uc.updateChannelAutoDetach(ch)

				uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Command: "MODE",
					Params:  []string{ch},
				})
			} else {
				ch, err := uc.getChannel(ch)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				ch.Members.SetValue(msg.Prefix.Name, &memberships{})
			}

			chMsg := msg.Copy()
			chMsg.Params[0] = ch
			uc.produce(ch, chMsg, nil)
		}
	case "PART":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var channels string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &channels); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		for _, ch := range strings.Split(channels, ",") {
			if uc.isOurNick(msg.Prefix.Name) {
				uc.logger.Printf("parted channel %q", ch)
				uch := uc.channels.Value(ch)
				if uch != nil {
					uc.channels.Delete(ch)
					uch.updateAutoDetach(0)
				}
			} else {
				ch, err := uc.getChannel(ch)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				ch.Members.Delete(msg.Prefix.Name)
			}

			chMsg := msg.Copy()
			chMsg.Params[0] = ch
			uc.produce(ch, chMsg, nil)
		}
	case "KICK":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var channel, user string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &channel, &user); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if uc.isOurNick(user) {
			uc.logger.Printf("kicked from channel %q by %s", channel, msg.Prefix.Name)
			uc.channels.Delete(channel)
		} else {
			ch, err := uc.getChannel(channel)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			ch.Members.Delete(user)
		}

		uc.produce(channel, msg, nil)
	case "QUIT":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		if uc.isOurNick(msg.Prefix.Name) {
			uc.logger.Printf("quit")
		}

		for _, entry := range uc.channels.innerMap {
			ch := entry.value.(*upstreamChannel)
			if ch.Members.Has(msg.Prefix.Name) {
				ch.Members.Delete(msg.Prefix.Name)

				uc.appendLog(ch.Name, msg)
			}
		}

		if msg.Prefix.Name != uc.nick {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				dc.SendMessage(dc.marshalMessage(msg, uc.network))
			})
		}
	case irc.RPL_TOPIC, irc.RPL_NOTOPIC:
		var name, topic string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &name, &topic); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		ch, err := uc.getChannel(name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if msg.Command == irc.RPL_TOPIC {
			ch.Topic = topic
		} else {
			ch.Topic = ""
		}
	case "TOPIC":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		var name string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &name); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		ch, err := uc.getChannel(name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if len(msg.Params) > 1 {
			ch.Topic = msg.Params[1]
			ch.TopicWho = msg.Prefix.Copy()
			ch.TopicTime = time.Now() // TODO use msg.Tags["time"]
		} else {
			ch.Topic = ""
		}
		uc.produce(ch.Name, msg, nil)
	case "MODE":
		var name, modeStr string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &name, &modeStr); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if !uc.isChannel(name) { // user mode change
			if name != uc.nick {
				return fmt.Errorf("received MODE message for unknown nick %q", name)
			}

			if err := uc.modes.Apply(modeStr); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				if dc.upstream() == nil {
					return
				}

				dc.SendMessage(msg)
			})
		} else { // channel mode change
			ch, err := uc.getChannel(name)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			needMarshaling, err := applyChannelModes(ch, modeStr, msg.Params[2:])
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			uc.appendLog(ch.Name, msg)

			c := uc.network.channels.Value(name)
			if c == nil || !c.Detached {
				uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
					params := make([]string, len(msg.Params))
					params[0] = dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, name)
					params[1] = modeStr

					copy(params[2:], msg.Params[2:])
					for i, modeParam := range params[2:] {
						if _, ok := needMarshaling[i]; ok {
							params[2+i] = dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, modeParam)
						}
					}

					dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
						Prefix:  dc.marshalUserPrefix(uc.network, msg.Prefix),
						Command: "MODE",
						Params:  params,
					})
				})
			}
		}
	case irc.RPL_UMODEIS:
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		modeStr := ""
		if len(msg.Params) > 1 {
			modeStr = msg.Params[1]
		}

		uc.modes = ""
		if err := uc.modes.Apply(modeStr); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			if dc.upstream() == nil {
				return
			}

			dc.SendMessage(msg)
		})
	case irc.RPL_CHANNELMODEIS:
		var channel string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &channel); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		modeStr := ""
		if len(msg.Params) > 2 {
			modeStr = msg.Params[2]
		}

		ch, err := uc.getChannel(channel)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		firstMode := ch.modes == nil
		ch.modes = make(map[byte]string)
		if _, err := applyChannelModes(ch, modeStr, msg.Params[3:]); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if firstMode {
			c := uc.network.channels.Value(channel)
			if c == nil || !c.Detached {
				modeStr, modeParams := ch.modes.Format()

				uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
					params := []string{dc.nick, dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel), modeStr}
					params = append(params, modeParams...)

					dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
						Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
						Command: irc.RPL_CHANNELMODEIS,
						Params:  params,
					})
				})
			}
		}
	case rpl_creationtime:
		var channel, creationTime string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &channel, &creationTime); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		ch, err := uc.getChannel(channel)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		firstCreationTime := ch.creationTime == ""
		ch.creationTime = creationTime
		if firstCreationTime {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: rpl_creationtime,
					Params:  []string{dc.nick, dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, ch.Name), creationTime},
				})
			})
		}
	case rpl_topicwhotime:
		var name, who, timeStr string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &name, &who, &timeStr); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		ch, err := uc.getChannel(name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		firstTopicWhoTime := ch.TopicWho == nil
		ch.TopicWho = irc.ParsePrefix(who)
		sec, err := strconv.ParseInt(timeStr, 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse topic time: %v", err)
		}
		ch.TopicTime = time.Unix(sec, 0)
		if firstTopicWhoTime {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				topicWho := dc.marshalUserPrefix(uc.network, ch.TopicWho)
				dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: rpl_topicwhotime,
					Params: []string{
						dc.nick,
						dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, ch.Name),
						topicWho.String(),
						timeStr,
					},
				})
			})
		}
	case irc.RPL_LIST:
		var channel, clients, topic string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &channel, &clients, &topic); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		dc, cmd := uc.currentPendingCommand("LIST")
		if cmd == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected RPL_LIST: no matching pending LIST")
		} else if dc == nil {
			return nil
		}

		dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
			Command: irc.RPL_LIST,
			Params:  []string{dc.nick, dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel), clients, topic},
		})
	case irc.RPL_LISTEND:
		dc, cmd := uc.dequeueCommand("LIST")
		if cmd == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected RPL_LISTEND: no matching pending LIST")
		} else if dc == nil {
			return nil
		}

		dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
			Command: irc.RPL_LISTEND,
			Params:  []string{dc.nick, "End of /LIST"},
		})
	case irc.RPL_NAMREPLY:
		var name, statusStr, members string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &statusStr, &name, &members); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		ch := uc.channels.Value(name)
		if ch == nil {
			// NAMES on a channel we have not joined, forward to downstream
			uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				channel := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, name)
				members := splitSpace(members)
				for i, member := range members {
					memberships, nick := uc.parseMembershipPrefix(member)
					members[i] = memberships.Format(dc) + dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
				}
				memberStr := strings.Join(members, " ")

				dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: irc.RPL_NAMREPLY,
					Params:  []string{dc.nick, statusStr, channel, memberStr},
				})
			})
			return nil
		}

		status, err := parseChannelStatus(statusStr)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		ch.Status = status

		for _, s := range splitSpace(members) {
			memberships, nick := uc.parseMembershipPrefix(s)
			ch.Members.SetValue(nick, memberships)
		}
	case irc.RPL_ENDOFNAMES:
		var name string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &name); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		ch := uc.channels.Value(name)
		if ch == nil {
			// NAMES on a channel we have not joined, forward to downstream
			uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				channel := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, name)

				dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
					Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
					Command: irc.RPL_ENDOFNAMES,
					Params:  []string{dc.nick, channel, "End of /NAMES list"},
				})
			})
			return nil
		}

		if ch.complete {
			return fmt.Errorf("received unexpected RPL_ENDOFNAMES")
		}
		ch.complete = true

		c := uc.network.channels.Value(name)
		if c == nil || !c.Detached {
			uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
				forwardChannel(dc, ch)
			})
		}
	case irc.RPL_WHOREPLY:
		var channel, username, host, server, nick, mode, trailing string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &channel, &username, &host, &server, &nick, &mode, &trailing); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		dc, cmd := uc.currentPendingCommand("WHO")
		if cmd == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected RPL_WHOREPLY: no matching pending WHO")
		} else if dc == nil {
			return nil
		}

		parts := strings.SplitN(trailing, " ", 2)
		if len(parts) != 2 {
			return fmt.Errorf("received malformed RPL_WHOREPLY: wrong trailing parameter: %s", trailing)
		}
		realname := parts[1]
		hops, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[0])
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("received malformed RPL_WHOREPLY: wrong hop count: %s", parts[0])
		}
		hops++

		trailing = strconv.Itoa(hops) + " " + realname

		if channel != "*" {
			channel = dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel)
		}
		nick = dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
		dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
			Command: irc.RPL_WHOREPLY,
			Params:  []string{dc.nick, channel, username, host, server, nick, mode, trailing},
		})
	case rpl_whospcrpl:
		dc, cmd := uc.currentPendingCommand("WHO")
		if cmd == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected RPL_WHOSPCRPL: no matching pending WHO")
		} else if dc == nil {
			return nil
		}

		// Only supported in single-upstream mode, so forward as-is
		dc.SendMessage(msg)
	case irc.RPL_ENDOFWHO:
		var name string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &name); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		dc, cmd := uc.dequeueCommand("WHO")
		if cmd == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected RPL_ENDOFWHO: no matching pending WHO")
		} else if dc == nil {
			return nil
		}

		mask := "*"
		if len(cmd.Params) > 0 {
			mask = cmd.Params[0]
		}
		dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
			Command: irc.RPL_ENDOFWHO,
			Params:  []string{dc.nick, mask, "End of /WHO list"},
		})
	case irc.RPL_WHOISUSER:
		var nick, username, host, realname string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick, &username, &host, nil, &realname); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			nick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_WHOISUSER,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, nick, username, host, "*", realname},
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_WHOISSERVER:
		var nick, server, serverInfo string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick, &server, &serverInfo); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			nick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_WHOISSERVER,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, nick, server, serverInfo},
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_WHOISOPERATOR:
		var nick string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			nick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_WHOISOPERATOR,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, nick, "is an IRC operator"},
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_WHOISIDLE:
		var nick string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick, nil); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			nick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
			params := []string{dc.nick, nick}
			params = append(params, msg.Params[2:]...)
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_WHOISIDLE,
				Params:  params,
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_WHOISCHANNELS:
		var nick, channelList string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick, &channelList); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		channels := splitSpace(channelList)

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			nick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
			channelList := make([]string, len(channels))
			for i, channel := range channels {
				prefix, channel := uc.parseMembershipPrefix(channel)
				channel = dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel)
				channelList[i] = prefix.Format(dc) + channel
			}
			channels := strings.Join(channelList, " ")
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_WHOISCHANNELS,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, nick, channels},
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_ENDOFWHOIS:
		var nick string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			nick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick)
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_ENDOFWHOIS,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, nick, "End of /WHOIS list"},
			})
		})
	case "INVITE":
		var nick, channel string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &nick, &channel); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		weAreInvited := uc.isOurNick(nick)

		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			if !weAreInvited && !dc.caps["invite-notify"] {
				return
			}
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.marshalUserPrefix(uc.network, msg.Prefix),
				Command: "INVITE",
				Params:  []string{dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick), dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel)},
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_INVITING:
		var nick, channel string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick, &channel); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_INVITING,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick), dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel)},
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_MONONLINE, irc.RPL_MONOFFLINE:
		var targetsStr string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &targetsStr); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		targets := strings.Split(targetsStr, ",")

		online := msg.Command == irc.RPL_MONONLINE
		for _, target := range targets {
			prefix := irc.ParsePrefix(target)
			uc.monitored.SetValue(prefix.Name, online)
		}

		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			for _, target := range targets {
				prefix := irc.ParsePrefix(target)
				if dc.monitored.Has(prefix.Name) {
					dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
						Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
						Command: msg.Command,
						Params:  []string{dc.nick, target},
					})
				}
			}
		})
	case irc.ERR_MONLISTFULL:
		var limit, targetsStr string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &limit, &targetsStr); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		targets := strings.Split(targetsStr, ",")
		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			for _, target := range targets {
				if dc.monitored.Has(target) {
					dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
						Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
						Command: msg.Command,
						Params:  []string{dc.nick, limit, target},
					})
				}
			}
		})
	case irc.RPL_AWAY:
		var nick, reason string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &nick, &reason); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: irc.RPL_AWAY,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, nick), reason},
			})
		})
	case "AWAY", "ACCOUNT":
		if msg.Prefix == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected a prefix")
		}

		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.marshalUserPrefix(uc.network, msg.Prefix),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  msg.Params,
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_BANLIST, irc.RPL_INVITELIST, irc.RPL_EXCEPTLIST:
		var channel, mask string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &channel, &mask); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var addNick, addTime string
		if len(msg.Params) >= 5 {
			addNick = msg.Params[3]
			addTime = msg.Params[4]
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			channel := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel)

			var params []string
			if addNick != "" && addTime != "" {
				addNick := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, addNick)
				params = []string{dc.nick, channel, mask, addNick, addTime}
			} else {
				params = []string{dc.nick, channel, mask}
			}

			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  params,
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_ENDOFBANLIST, irc.RPL_ENDOFINVITELIST, irc.RPL_ENDOFEXCEPTLIST:
		var channel, trailing string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &channel, &trailing); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			upstreamChannel := dc.marshalEntity(uc.network, channel)
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  dc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, upstreamChannel, trailing},
			})
		})
	case irc.ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND, irc.RPL_TRYAGAIN:
		var command, reason string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, nil, &command, &reason); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if command == "LIST" || command == "WHO" {
			dc, _ := uc.dequeueCommand(command)
			if dc != nil && downstreamID == 0 {
				downstreamID = dc.id
			}
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  uc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  []string{dc.nick, command, reason},
			})
		})
	case "ACK":
		// Ignore
	case irc.RPL_NOWAWAY, irc.RPL_UNAWAY:
		// Ignore
	case irc.RPL_YOURHOST, irc.RPL_CREATED:
		// Ignore
	case irc.RPL_LUSERCLIENT, irc.RPL_LUSEROP, irc.RPL_LUSERUNKNOWN, irc.RPL_LUSERCHANNELS, irc.RPL_LUSERME:
		fallthrough
	case irc.RPL_STATSVLINE, rpl_statsping, irc.RPL_STATSBLINE, irc.RPL_STATSDLINE:
		fallthrough
	case rpl_localusers, rpl_globalusers:
		fallthrough
	case irc.RPL_MOTDSTART, irc.RPL_MOTD:
		// Ignore these messages if they're part of the initial registration
		// message burst. Forward them if the user explicitly asked for them.
		if !uc.gotMotd {
			return nil
		}

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  uc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  msg.Params,
			})
		})
	case irc.RPL_LISTSTART:
		// Ignore
	case "ERROR":
		var text string
		if err := parseMessageParams(msg, &text); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return fmt.Errorf("fatal server error: %v", text)
	case irc.ERR_PASSWDMISMATCH, irc.ERR_ERRONEUSNICKNAME, irc.ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE, irc.ERR_NICKCOLLISION, irc.ERR_UNAVAILRESOURCE, irc.ERR_NOPERMFORHOST, irc.ERR_YOUREBANNEDCREEP:
		if !uc.registered {
			text := msg.Params[len(msg.Params)-1]
			return registrationError(text)
		}
		fallthrough
	default:
		uc.logger.Printf("unhandled message: %v", msg)

		uc.forEachDownstreamByID(downstreamID, func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			// best effort marshaling for unknown messages, replies and errors:
			// most numerics start with the user nick, marshal it if that's the case
			// otherwise, conservately keep the params without marshaling
			params := msg.Params
			if _, err := strconv.Atoi(msg.Command); err == nil { // numeric
				if len(msg.Params) > 0 && isOurNick(uc.network, msg.Params[0]) {
					params[0] = dc.nick
				}
			}
			dc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
				Prefix:  uc.srv.prefix(),
				Command: msg.Command,
				Params:  params,
			})
		})
	}
	return nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) handleDetachedMessage(ch *Channel, msg *irc.Message) {
	if uc.network.detachedMessageNeedsRelay(ch, msg) {
		uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
			dc.relayDetachedMessage(uc.network, msg)
		})
	}
	if ch.ReattachOn == FilterMessage || (ch.ReattachOn == FilterHighlight && uc.network.isHighlight(msg)) {
		uc.network.attach(ch)
		if err := uc.srv.db.StoreChannel(context.TODO(), uc.network.ID, ch); err != nil {
			uc.logger.Printf("failed to update channel %q: %v", ch.Name, err)
		}
	}
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) handleChanModes(s string) error {
	parts := strings.SplitN(s, ",", 5)
	if len(parts) < 4 {
		return fmt.Errorf("malformed ISUPPORT CHANMODES value: %v", s)
	}
	modes := make(map[byte]channelModeType)
	for i, mt := range []channelModeType{modeTypeA, modeTypeB, modeTypeC, modeTypeD} {
		for j := 0; j < len(parts[i]); j++ {
			mode := parts[i][j]
			modes[mode] = mt
		}
	}
	uc.availableChannelModes = modes
	return nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) handleMemberships(s string) error {
	if s == "" {
		uc.availableMemberships = nil
		return nil
	}

	if s[0] != '(' {
		return fmt.Errorf("malformed ISUPPORT PREFIX value: %v", s)
	}
	sep := strings.IndexByte(s, ')')
	if sep < 0 || len(s) != sep*2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("malformed ISUPPORT PREFIX value: %v", s)
	}
	memberships := make([]membership, len(s)/2-1)
	for i := range memberships {
		memberships[i] = membership{
			Mode:   s[i+1],
			Prefix: s[sep+i+1],
		}
	}
	uc.availableMemberships = memberships
	return nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) handleSupportedCaps(capsStr string) {
	caps := strings.Fields(capsStr)
	for _, s := range caps {
		kv := strings.SplitN(s, "=", 2)
		k := strings.ToLower(kv[0])
		var v string
		if len(kv) == 2 {
			v = kv[1]
		}
		uc.supportedCaps[k] = v
	}
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) requestCaps() {
	var requestCaps []string
	for c := range permanentUpstreamCaps {
		if _, ok := uc.supportedCaps[c]; ok && !uc.caps[c] {
			requestCaps = append(requestCaps, c)
		}
	}

	if len(requestCaps) == 0 {
		return
	}

	uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
		Command: "CAP",
		Params:  []string{"REQ", strings.Join(requestCaps, " ")},
	})
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) requestSASL() bool {
	if uc.network.SASL.Mechanism == "" {
		return false
	}

	v, ok := uc.supportedCaps["sasl"]
	if !ok {
		return false
	}
	if v != "" {
		mechanisms := strings.Split(v, ",")
		found := false
		for _, mech := range mechanisms {
			if strings.EqualFold(mech, uc.network.SASL.Mechanism) {
				found = true
				break
			}
		}
		if !found {
			return false
		}
	}

	return true
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) handleCapAck(name string, ok bool) error {
	uc.caps[name] = ok

	switch name {
	case "sasl":
		if !uc.requestSASL() {
			return nil
		}
		if !ok {
			uc.logger.Printf("server refused to acknowledge the SASL capability")
			return nil
		}

		auth := &uc.network.SASL
		switch auth.Mechanism {
		case "PLAIN":
			uc.logger.Printf("starting SASL PLAIN authentication with username %q", auth.Plain.Username)
			uc.saslClient = sasl.NewPlainClient("", auth.Plain.Username, auth.Plain.Password)
		case "EXTERNAL":
			uc.logger.Printf("starting SASL EXTERNAL authentication")
			uc.saslClient = sasl.NewExternalClient("")
		default:
			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported SASL mechanism %q", name)
		}

		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "AUTHENTICATE",
			Params:  []string{auth.Mechanism},
		})
	default:
		if permanentUpstreamCaps[name] {
			break
		}
		uc.logger.Printf("received CAP ACK/NAK for a cap we don't support: %v", name)
	}
	return nil
}

func splitSpace(s string) []string {
	return strings.FieldsFunc(s, func(r rune) bool {
		return r == ' '
	})
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) register() {
	uc.nick = GetNick(&uc.user.User, &uc.network.Network)
	uc.nickCM = uc.network.casemap(uc.nick)
	uc.username = GetUsername(&uc.user.User, &uc.network.Network)
	uc.realname = GetRealname(&uc.user.User, &uc.network.Network)

	uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
		Command: "CAP",
		Params:  []string{"LS", "302"},
	})

	if uc.network.Pass != "" {
		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "PASS",
			Params:  []string{uc.network.Pass},
		})
	}

	uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
		Command: "NICK",
		Params:  []string{uc.nick},
	})
	uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
		Command: "USER",
		Params:  []string{uc.username, "0", "*", uc.realname},
	})
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) ReadMessage() (*irc.Message, error) {
	msg, err := uc.conn.ReadMessage()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	uc.srv.metrics.upstreamInMessagesTotal.Inc()
	return msg, nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) runUntilRegistered() error {
	for !uc.registered {
		msg, err := uc.ReadMessage()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read message: %v", err)
		}

		if err := uc.handleMessage(msg); err != nil {
			if _, ok := err.(registrationError); ok {
				return err
			} else {
				msg.Tags = nil // prevent message tags from cluttering logs
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to handle message %q: %v", msg, err)
			}
		}
	}

	for _, command := range uc.network.ConnectCommands {
		m, err := irc.ParseMessage(command)
		if err != nil {
			uc.logger.Printf("failed to parse connect command %q: %v", command, err)
		} else {
			uc.SendMessage(m)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) readMessages(ch chan<- event) error {
	for {
		msg, err := uc.ReadMessage()
		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
			break
		} else if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read IRC command: %v", err)
		}

		ch <- eventUpstreamMessage{msg, uc}
	}

	return nil
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) SendMessage(msg *irc.Message) {
	if !uc.caps["message-tags"] {
		msg = msg.Copy()
		msg.Tags = nil
	}

	uc.srv.metrics.upstreamOutMessagesTotal.Inc()
	uc.conn.SendMessage(msg)
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) SendMessageLabeled(downstreamID uint64, msg *irc.Message) {
	if uc.caps["labeled-response"] {
		if msg.Tags == nil {
			msg.Tags = make(map[string]irc.TagValue)
		}
		msg.Tags["label"] = irc.TagValue(fmt.Sprintf("sd-%d-%d", downstreamID, uc.nextLabelID))
		uc.nextLabelID++
	}
	uc.SendMessage(msg)
}

// appendLog appends a message to the log file.
//
// The internal message ID is returned. If the message isn't recorded in the
// log file, an empty string is returned.
func (uc *upstreamConn) appendLog(entity string, msg *irc.Message) (msgID string) {
	if uc.user.msgStore == nil {
		return ""
	}

	// Don't store messages with a server mask target
	if strings.HasPrefix(entity, "$") {
		return ""
	}

	entityCM := uc.network.casemap(entity)
	if entityCM == "nickserv" {
		// The messages sent/received from NickServ may contain
		// security-related information (like passwords). Don't store these.
		return ""
	}

	if !uc.network.delivered.HasTarget(entity) {
		// This is the first message we receive from this target. Save the last
		// message ID in delivery receipts, so that we can send the new message
		// in the backlog if an offline client reconnects.
		lastID, err := uc.user.msgStore.LastMsgID(&uc.network.Network, entityCM, time.Now())
		if err != nil {
			uc.logger.Printf("failed to log message: failed to get last message ID: %v", err)
			return ""
		}

		uc.network.delivered.ForEachClient(func(clientName string) {
			uc.network.delivered.StoreID(entity, clientName, lastID)
		})
	}

	msgID, err := uc.user.msgStore.Append(&uc.network.Network, entityCM, msg)
	if err != nil {
		uc.logger.Printf("failed to log message: %v", err)
		return ""
	}

	return msgID
}

// produce appends a message to the logs and forwards it to connected downstream
// connections.
//
// If origin is not nil and origin doesn't support echo-message, the message is
// forwarded to all connections except origin.
func (uc *upstreamConn) produce(target string, msg *irc.Message, origin *downstreamConn) {
	var msgID string
	if target != "" {
		msgID = uc.appendLog(target, msg)
	}

	// Don't forward messages if it's a detached channel
	ch := uc.network.channels.Value(target)
	detached := ch != nil && ch.Detached

	uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
		if !detached && (dc != origin || dc.caps["echo-message"]) {
			dc.sendMessageWithID(dc.marshalMessage(msg, uc.network), msgID)
		} else {
			dc.advanceMessageWithID(msg, msgID)
		}
	})
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) updateAway() {
	away := true
	uc.forEachDownstream(func(*downstreamConn) {
		away = false
	})
	if away == uc.away {
		return
	}
	if away {
		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "AWAY",
			Params:  []string{"Auto away"},
		})
	} else {
		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "AWAY",
		})
	}
	uc.away = away
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) updateChannelAutoDetach(name string) {
	uch := uc.channels.Value(name)
	if uch == nil {
		return
	}
	ch := uc.network.channels.Value(name)
	if ch == nil || ch.Detached {
		return
	}
	uch.updateAutoDetach(ch.DetachAfter)
}

func (uc *upstreamConn) updateMonitor() {
	add := make(map[string]struct{})
	var addList []string
	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
	uc.forEachDownstream(func(dc *downstreamConn) {
		for targetCM := range dc.monitored.innerMap {
			if !uc.monitored.Has(targetCM) {
				if _, ok := add[targetCM]; !ok {
					addList = append(addList, targetCM)
				}
				add[targetCM] = struct{}{}
			} else {
				seen[targetCM] = struct{}{}
			}
		}
	})

	removeAll := true
	var removeList []string
	for targetCM, entry := range uc.monitored.innerMap {
		if _, ok := seen[targetCM]; ok {
			removeAll = false
		} else {
			removeList = append(removeList, entry.originalKey)
		}
	}

	// TODO: better handle the case where len(uc.monitored) + len(addList)
	// exceeds the limit, probably by immediately sending ERR_MONLISTFULL?

	if removeAll && len(addList) == 0 && len(removeList) > 0 {
		// Optimization when the last MONITOR-aware downstream disconnects
		uc.SendMessage(&irc.Message{
			Command: "MONITOR",
			Params:  []string{"C"},
		})
	} else {
		msgs := generateMonitor("-", removeList)
		msgs = append(msgs, generateMonitor("+", addList)...)
		for _, msg := range msgs {
			uc.SendMessage(msg)
		}
	}

	for _, target := range removeList {
		uc.monitored.Delete(target)
	}
}